Drilling at the Alaskan National Wildlife Reserve Essay

Boring at the Alaskan National Wildlife Reserve - Essay Example Regardless, ample opportunity has already past that individuals conceded to penetrating on the shelter. The U.S should bore in the ANWR on the grounds that it would include monetary worth, lessen reliance on outside oil, and on the grounds that the arrangement has monstrous help from Alaskans. A fundamental motivation to bore in the ANWR is to include financial worth of the US. It is of colossal benefit not exclusively to Alaskans yet in addition to all American to investigate the region for financial worth. Monetary and other compensation of ANWR oil are of much ramifications that even progressives ought to agree to assent boring since even they may benefit straightforwardly from the endeavor. America’s dependence on oil from nations that are continually either politically unsteadies, or at change with the U.S subjects. The U.S economy unpredictably conveys disturbances, value climbs and trouncing of riches. In the ongoing past, U.S has spent more than 7 trillion safeguarding heavy outside oil, cash that is more than what the U.S has spent in all the wars it has battled since the progressive war. America’s cost of Middle East oil is anticipated at fifty billion dollars every year. From every one of these costs that stretch the U.S economy exposing the residents to grave financial emergency it is fundamental to investigate the ANWR oil. By boring the ANWR, this will empower the American economy to advance, as a few costs will be limited. In this manner, speedy reaction ought to be taken to begin investigating the oil holds in ANWR to facilitate the monetary weight on the American residents. This will likewise remove the enthusiastic pressure, put on the U.S, because of successive loss of lives of soldiers’, things that are not generally considered the imported oil sticker prices. The helpful hugeness on the U.S economy is huge. In excess of 80 percent of the hypothetically recoverable gas is financially developable at a gas cost of around $ 25 per barrel. The recoverable oil in Alaska for the most part, is assumed that, creation from Alaska would decrease oil imports by an equivalent sum. The inert ANWR oil improved would have a value somewhere in the range of $125 and $350 billion (kitchen and Burger, 1). Another basic motivation to penetrate in the ANWR is to assist the U.S with reducing its reliance of outside oil makers. It is crucial to continue penetrating in this heavy territory in Alaska as a strategy for lessening reliance on remote, and regularly unfriendly, wellsprings of oil. Contemplating the U.S’s present political intercession in clashes, in the Middle East, just as the deficiency of other pragmatic gracefully of oil, it is unavoidable penetrating in the ANWR as an essential to make sure about and safeguard the interests of the nation (Corn, 97). Supporters likewise incorporate associations that encourage bolster broad work, including groups, for example, the Teamsters, was agreeable to penetratin g in ANWR since it would produce a massive whole of recently shaped employments. It is a great advance in structuring new openings in a nation confronting a few cutbacks and downturn issues, which colossally influence the Americans lives. Penetrating for oil and normal energizes would make various employments for the American open in a period where work is richly required. Occupations would not exclusively be accessible in the province of Alaska, however in each and every state over the United States (Trapp 76). A further motivation to penetrate in the ANWR is that numerous Americans are on the side of the activity. One of the primary contentions against

Current Trend In Sustainable Manufacturing System Environmental Sciences Essay

Material and vitality assets bearing incorporates the best possible decision, introducing and administrative of it in creating will give sway on the creation methodology, vitality ingestion and even chop down the contamination. Maker equitable towards maintainable creation is amplify the creation while limit the utilization of stuff and vitality assets on the grounds that the money related estimation of the stuff and vitality had expanded because of expending of stuffs and non-inexhaustible assets ( Leahu S. , 2012 ) . The interest for stock that non natural inviting ought to other than be limit. Partners plays of import work as going outer powers for the producer or creator towards bring forthing or using product or stuff which require less vitality to deliver ( Leahu S. , 2012 ) . Components contribute the cognizance of partners to pull off the creation effectiveness is the contamination especially, the planetary warming what's more the expansion financial estimation of the assets ( Bunse K. , Sachs J. , and Vodicka M. , 2010 ; Ramani K. et Al, 2010 ) . Assets are characterized as common stuffs, vitality assets and every working flexibly. Three techniques to better the diminishing of stuff and vitality assets is talked about which are the asset effectiveness heading, stock plan and the worth connection enhancement. Ida †Along †Atirah †Vitality is a cardinal factor in financial turn of events and in providing basic administrations that improve personal satisfaction where required for run intoing the entirety of the essential requests, for example, supplement and health, agribusiness, guidance, data, and other base administrations ( Kamaruzzaman et. Al, 2011 ) . Accordingly, there have potential hazards of vitality deficiencies, planetary warming, and clime changes posture to society explain why vitality arrangements overall continuously focus on creating sustainable power source ( Shun-Chung and Li-Hsing, 2011 ) . In addition, using the sustainable power source assets can chop down the battles among states sing vitality civilian armies, chop down the contamination and chop down vitality identified with disease and expires ( Richa et al. , 2010 ) . There have grouped sorts of vitality assets, for example, biomass vitality, biodiesel vitality, hydropower, sun based vitality, weave vitality and so forth. These vitalit y assets are considered as inexhaustible and henceforth, feasible over nearly long haul. Every one of the sustainable power source assets is quickly clarify in the undermentioned subdivision.INTEGRATED PRODUCT-PROCESS-MACHINE FabricationXxxxREDUCE THE USE OF MATERIAL AND ENERGY RESOURCESManufacturers are dependable on the total of assets devoured for creation of product. The obligation non only on the creator, the specialists other than play of import work by using the financial instruments. The arrangement wedges under monetary instruments is constrained by the authoritiess. Financial instruments work by bear bringing down money related an incentive for the utilization of natural assets in like manner to ecological income upgrade. This action improves is decline of asset utilization to stock final result elevate customer to trade from asset incitement stocks to less asset promptings stocks. Nonetheless, producer played a greater amount of import work by bettering the asset effectiv eness is one strategy to chop down the asset ingestion.Resource Efficiency ManufacturingEfficiency in creation is estimated by means of the total of vitality ingestion ; the advantages and cost savings ( Bunse K. , Sachs J. , and Vodicka M. , 2010 ) . Assets proficiency is the reduction of characteristic stuffs, vitality and every single working gracefully in light of the fact that these variables are interrelated and emphatically interlinked. Assembling methodology and effectiveness, stock structure and worth connection streamlining are three principles that give sway on manufacture efficiency.Manufacturing Process and EfficiencyThe proficiency can be improved in numerous nations in association in light of the fact that each segment plays of import works and influenced the strategy in association. Slight manufacture is one build that can better effectiveness status where the association composes each individual development in the creation by smothering the loss so as to deliver sto ck great. The squanders are from human, interminable, apparatuses or hardware, designing, and innovation cut in growing new stocks ( Deros et al, 2011 ) . Two major associations ‘ nations are center to better the asset proficiency which is the open assistance partnership advancement and worth innovation and stuffs be aftering methodological investigation ( Sheng T. L. , Shiuh T. J. , and Ling L.C, n.d. ) . Under open help company streamlining, order the H2O vanished and H2O release in chilling pinnacle is one way of vitality and waste advancement. Updating the warming, air trip and chilling frameworks can well bring down the open assistance enterprise cost, for example, planetary vitality bearing multi-variable nonlinear framework hypothetical record ( Lv H. , Duan P. , Yao Q. , Li H. , and Yang X. , 2012 ) . Electrical framework effectiveness bearing should be considered to acquire planetary electrical vitality ingestion decline. The primary stage structure of electric engine s must abide of a couple of gauges which accomplish the measure what's more in acceptable open introduction in footings of natural maintainability. The norms must be standard to thwart wastefulness during creation. Model, the EROD ( Energy decline arranged structure ) stage, which made out of a few interrelated frameworks and instruments. The EROD stage can pull off various functionalities in the method plan which in the end to the full utilize the electric engines and help chop down the vitality use ( Favi C. , Germani M. , Marconi M. , and Mengoni M. , 2012 ) . Third on the H2O safeguarding by put ining new water-decrease hardware, for example, introduced the shut circle frameworks that empower H2O to be reused ( Jasinowski J. J. , n.d. ; Sheng T. L. , Shiuh T. J. , and Ling L.C, n.d. ) . The worth innovation and stuff arranging methodological examination other than help in bettering the creation proficiency. Materials System Applications and Products ( MSAP ) works by place the s preads between the stuff arranging calculation and existent stuff use. At that point, model the relationship of machine use and waste coevals. This hypothetical record will demo the diminishing of waste coevals and improvement in methodological examination from the principal arranging. The hypothetical record ready to propose the ideal handling and shipping ways and at a similar clasp meets the rule of feasible plan ( Lv H. , Duan P. , Yao Q. , Li H. , and Yang X. , 2012 ) .Merchandise DesignSustainability and product configuration associated as the early plan assurance give sway on the manageability. Early plan assurance other than result the full product ‘s life musicality including the flexibly connection ( travel and calculated ) . Structure for condition and Eco-plan devices are examined as parts of innovation in the entire worth connection stock ( Ramani K. et Al, 2010 ) . Structure for condition. Case of structure and manageability is plan for condition ( DFE ) and life musicality evaluation ( LCA ) . Plan for condition considered the outcome of the structure method processs towards condition and the plan constituent is plan towards supportability ( Ramani K. et Al, 2010 ; Rosen M.A. what's more, Kishawy H.A. , 2012 ) . The methodology must keep the product quality, the fiscal worth offer and the open introduction of the strategy what's more the product. Configuration applied researcher is recruited to design a product and system which eco-plan. Eco-structure is an assault of planing a product or system with specific thought on the outcome to the earth during the full life musicality. Along these lines, we need eco-plan instruments to ensure that our structure run into the detail that the methodology is ecological amicable or can chop down the contamination. One of the eco-structure apparatuses called life beat examination ( LCA ) . LCA is utilized to investigate the all phases of product life to see the natural open introduction of methods and frameworks. LCA comprise of for stairss get bringing down with the end and range definition, examination of the stock rundown evaluation on the effect and informations perusing. LCA estimated the vitality and assets ingestion. ISO 14040:2006 clarified about the LCA ; the standards and the model. Figure Thirty shows the stairss for putting ecological effect in LCA. Figure Thirty: Measure for Identifying Environmental Impact ( Ramani K. et Al, 2010 )Value Chain OptimizationValue connection strategy is the confounded way in manufacture or association for asset proficiency. In any case, great arranged connection bearing will respect a group to the earth and financial savings. The worth link improvement is analyzed the essential vitality required of the pre-creation assets, the nursery gas spread as CO2 proportionate, the heading of the material assets what's more all the enthusiastic assets. This support the general strategy proficiency and manageability. The model of significant worth based open introduction secured the contributing, activity and fiscal.Better THE ENERGY-EFFICIENCY BY ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMGlobal warming, lifting vitality money related qualities, and customers ‘ expanding environmental cognizance have pushed vitality proficient creation to the highest point of the docket among authoritiess and manufacture organizations. G overnments and organizations are both attempting to put the most viable strides to expand vitality effectiveness in creation strategies. Katharina et Al. ( 2010 ) expressed that, the creation business, with its 31 % of essential vitality use and 36 % of C dioxide ( CO2 ) transmissions, is one of the central purchasers of vitality each piece great as probably the biggest producer of CO2.The European Commission ( EC ) gauges th

40 Hours Left!

40 Hours Left! Following the old tradition Go and change the world! Buena suerte! :) - Some things I learned this semester: Heres a fun experiment. How do we perceive emotion? The faces pictured below are either Angry, Fearful, Disgusted, Happy, Neutral, Sad, or Surprised. Two are used more than once. Taken From: Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets. Michael J. Lyons, Shigeru Akamatsu, Miyuki Kamachi, Jiro Gyoba. Proceedings, Third IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, April 14-16 1998, Nara Japan, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 200-205. Taken from Hood, Clifton. 722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York. John Hopkins University Press, 1995. A 1907 ballad, The Subway Express depicted the Interborough as an arena for sexual flirtation where the motion of a crowded rush hour express threw two strangers, a young man and a young woman, into each others arms. As the train sped from lower Manhattan to the Bronx, they fell in love: (Boy) It was in no sheltered nook It was by no babbling brook When romanticlly we met. (Girl) Ah, the scene I cant forget We were thrown together in the Subway Express. (Boy) You were clearly all at sea As you wildly clutched at me When around that curve we swung. (Girl) Yes, and though Id lost my tongue I made a hit with you, you must confess. (Boy) Yes, you hit me in the back And as around and round you flew I inquired if I could tender a supporting arm to you. (Girl) To which I answered, No sir! When the guard yelled Move up closer And clearly there was nothing else to do. (Boy) We first met down at Spring Street And then upon my word. (Girl) I felt Id known you all my life When we reached Twenty Third. (Boy) You won my heart at Harlem (Girl) At the Bronx I murmured yes, (Boy) We lost no time in that hour sublime On the Subway Express. Now isnt that an amazing way to fall in love?! :P ps. Just in case you were confused, some of the classes I took this term were Ecology (1.018/7.30), Neuroscience (9.01), and History of New York City (21H.235). Thats where all the things are coming from. :) Back to studying!

Leaders and Organizational Culture - 1191 Words

Running head: Leaders and Organizational Culture. †¢ †¢ †¢ ..; †¢ . Leaders and Organizational Culture Prepared for There are many definitions of organizational culture. The most basic definition is an organization’s shared values, attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions on how members of the organization should behave which gives meaning to how the organization functions. Organizational culture should enhance performance, internal integration, and bring all staff of all levels together. For this to happen, it is the role of management to foster this type of organizational culture. In my opinion, the basic characteristics or responsibilities of leaders help to maintain a healthy organizational culture. These characteristics†¦show more content†¦When members of the organization see this, it causes a ripple effect and thus they want to maintain the model they have seen. Continuing with this idea, integrity and consistency have the same basic principle. Mary Totten and James Orkiloff said it best in their article that integrity is about unity, wholeness, and completeness. Consistency is about establishing that connection of doing what you say, and saying what you do. If this is done in an organization, not only will staff listen and trust their leaders but vice versa. This is the key to maintaining a healthy organization. The organization I work for, Service Access Management is a human services agency that actually relies on having a healthy organizational culture, without it the organization would not survive. Because this organization relies on all members understanding the vision and the reason we work – which is mostly being able to help people live their lives despite the developmental delays they might have – it is important that members or employees work in a healthy organizational culture. It is up to the leaders of the organization to maintain this culture. Using management as the leaders of the organization, they are encouraged to motivate their staff on a daily basis and ask for staff input to improve the daily processes. Management is as ked to train their staff to the best of their ability andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Leaders And Organizational Culture995 Words   |  4 PagesLeaders and Organizational Culture In today’s dynamic business environment leadership must understand the value and importance of their organizations’ culture. While it may never be formally defined, leadership must have a vision of their intended culture and a plan for creating and maintaining it. This vision will serve as the potter’s clay that determines everything from the dress code to the organizational structure. 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The role and responsibilities of both leaders and managers in creating and maintaining a healthy organizational culture has differences and similarities, both a leader and a manager have the same goal to have a healthy organization but the approaches are different. An example from sums up the differences between a leader and a manager: The leader is followed and the manager rules. A leader is someone who people

Using the Spanish Verb Llegar

Although llegar typically is translated as to arrive, it has a wider range of uses than does the English word and is often used figuratively. To come is also a common translation. Keep in Mind Llegar usually carries the idea of arriving at a destination, either literally or figuratively.Llegar a followed by ser or another infinitive carries the idea of arrival at a goal or situation unexpectedly or after considerable effort.In terms of pronunciation, llegar is conjugated regularly, although sometimes its spelling changes to accommodate the ending. Using Llegar for Arriving In its most common usage, llegar refers to arrival at a place. The destination is frequently preceded by the preposition a, and de can be used to indicate the origin: Por fin llegamos a Madrid. (We finally arrived at Madrid.)Cuando llego a casa hago mis tareas. (When I get home Ill do my homework.)Llegaron a Mà ©xico los cuerpos de estudiantes muertos en Ecuador. (The bodies of the students killed in Ecuador arrived in Mexico.)Llegaron de diferentes partes de Espaà ±a. (They came from different parts of Spain.)Hay miles de refugiados que llegan de à frica. (There are thousands of refugees who are arriving from Africa.) As can the English word arrive, llegar can also refer to the coming of a time: Llegà ³ la hora de la verdad. (The moment of truth is here. Literally, the time of truth came.)Ya llega la primavera. (Spring is already here. Literally, spring already arrived.) Using Llegar for Reaching a Goal Llegar can often refer to the reaching of a goal, physical or otherwise: Los tres mexicanos llegaron a la cima del Everest. (The three Mexicans reached the summit of Everest.)El museo llegà ³ a las 100.000 visitas en menos de un aà ±o. (The museum reached 100,000 visits in less than a year.)Microsoft y Marvel llegaron a un acuerdo para distribuir los videojuegos. (Microsoft and Marvel reached an agreement for distributing video games.)No puedo llegar a fin de mes. (I cant make it to the end of the month.) The phrase llegar a ser typically suggests a long or difficult period of change to become something: Nunca lleguà © a ser doctor. (I never became a doctor.)Diez de estas tribus llegaron a ser la Europa moderna. (Ten of these tribes became modern Europe.) ¿Cà ³mo fue que los computadores llegaron a ser parte de nuestra sociedad? (How was it that computers came to be a part of our society?) Llegar With Infinitives When llegar a is followed by an infinitive, it is often the equivalent of the English to come to. It often carries the connotation that the activity is extreme, unusual, or unexpected. Note how a variety of translations can be used: Algunos seguidores del candidato llegaron a llorar mientras escuchaban a su là ­der. (Some of the candidates followers even cried while listening to their leader.)Los Leones nunca llegaron a ganar un campeonato. (The Lions never came to win a championship.)Llegà ³ a decirme que mi pequeà ±a era mocosa. (He went so far as to tell me that my little one was a brat.)Lleguà © a comprender lo que querà ­a decir. (I even came to understand what he wanted to say.) Idioms Using Llegar Llegar is used in a variety of idioms and set phrases. Here are some examples: La secuela no llega a la suela del zapato al original. (The sequel doesnt hold a candle to the original.)Las negociaciones entre el equipo y Gustavo Torres llegaron a buen puerto. (The negotiations between the team and Gustavo Torres reached a satisfactory conclusion.)La empresa que no construya confianza no llegarà ¡ lejos. (The business that doesnt build confidence wont get far.)El cantante llegà ³ y besà ³ el santo con su cancià ³n Silencio. (The singer had success on his first try with his song Silencio.)Afortunadamente no llegà ³ la sangre al rà ­o, gracias a la rà ¡pida reaccià ³n de mis amigos. (Fortunately, there were no serious consequences, thanks to the quick reaction of my friends.)Despuà ©s de insultarse, llegaron a las manos. (After insulting each other, they came to blows.) Conjugating Llegar Llegar is conjugated regularly in terms of punctuation, but not in terms of spelling. The final g needs to be changed to gu when followed by an e. This occurs in the first-person indicative preterite (lleguà ©, I arrived) and in the subjunctive and imperative moods. In this way it follows the pattern of pagar.

The Information And Communication Revolution Education Essay Free Essays

string(88) " a mismatch between methods used to mensurate effects and the type of larning promoted\." Introduction One the many challenges confronting developing states today are fixing their societies and authoritiess for globalisation and the information and communicating revolution. Policy shapers, concern executives, NGO activists, faculty members, and ordinary citizens are progressively concerned with the demand to do their societies competitory in the emergent information economic system. Globalization and technological alteration is a procedure that has accelerated in tandem over the past 15 old ages and has created a new planetary economic system powered by engineering, fuelled by information and driven by cognition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Information And Communication Revolution Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The outgrowth of this new planetary economic system has serious deductions for the nature and intent of educational establishments. As the half life of information continues to go and entree to information continues to turn more rapid, schools can non stay mere locales for the transmittal of a prescribed set of information from instructor to pupil over a fixed period of clip. Rather, schools must advance acquisition, in an illustration the acquisition of cognition and accomplishments that make possible uninterrupted acquisition over the life-time. Concerns over educational relevancy and quality coexist with the jussive mood of spread outing educational chances to those made most vulnerable by globalisation as an illustration, developing states in general, low-income groups, misss and adult females, and low-skilled workers in peculiar. Information and communicating engineerings which include wireless and telecasting, every bit good as newer digital engineerings such as computing machines and the Internet, have been touted as potentially powerful enabling tools for educational alteration and reform. When used suitably, different ICT are said to assist spread out entree to instruction, beef up the relevancy of instruction to the progressively digital workplace, and raise educational quality by, among others, assisting do instruction and larning into an engaging, active procedure connected to existent life. However, the experience of presenting different ICT in the schoolroom and other educational scenes all over the universe over the past several decennaries suggests that the full realisation of the possible educational benefits of ICT is non automatic. The effectual integrating of ICT into the educational system is a complex, multifaceted procedure that involves non merely engineering but so, given adequate initial capital, acquiring the engineering is the easiest portion but besides course of study and teaching method, institutional preparedness, instructor competences, and long-run funding, among others. Contentss ICT base for information and communicating engineerings and are defined, for the intents of this primer, as a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to pass on, and to make, circulate, shop, and manage information. These engineerings include computing machines, the Internet, airing engineerings, wireless, telecasting and telephone. In recent old ages at that place has been a land crestless wave of involvement in how computing machines and the Internet can best be harnessed to better the efficiency and effectivity of instruction at all degrees and in both formal and non-formal scenes. But ICT are more than merely these engineerings, but older engineerings such as the telephone, wireless and telecasting, although now given less attending, have a longer and richer history as instructional tools. For case, wireless and telecasting have for over 40 old ages been used for unfastened and distance acquisition, although print remains the cheapest, most accessible and hence most dominant bringing mechanism in both developed and developing states. The usage of computing machines and the Internet is still in its babyhood in developing states, if these are used at all, due to limited substructure and the attendant high costs of entree. Technology alterations quickly – and so make the particular tools available for instruction. As new engineerings are introduced, it is critical that their cost and impact in assorted educational state of affairss is exhaustively examined. While grounds shows that it is the existent application of the ICT tool that is the most of import determiner of its effectivity for educational intents, the pick of tools is rather big, and each tool has its ain advantages and disadvantages. Policy shapers and giver groups are frequently bombarded with information and surveies from sellers on the suitableness of their peculiar merchandises or services. As a consequence, there is a great demand for independent research on the rightness of specific ICT tools to assist run into educational ends. Radio and Television have been supplying educational scheduling in some states for many old ages. Many related new engineerings, including orbiter broadcast medium and multi-channel acquisition, have the possible to greatly increase entree to instruction. Today, the Internet is non widely available in most underdeveloped states, but new Internet engineerings and nomadic Internet Centre ‘s clasp promise for linking instructors, scholars, and communities. Furthermore, instruction has mostly contributed to an addition in developing cognition, supplying an enabling environment for invention and in edifice human capital required for a possible hereafter cognition economic system. Global reforms in instruction and disputing ICT demands have made a singular displacement in the construction of the enabling ICT environment and the use of ICT engineerings in instruction. Such engineerings have become the cardinal driver of the digital web in an epoch of technology-driven instruction. More schools and communities now have entree to ICT resources to fall in the planetary economic system with knowledge workers who have twenty-first century accomplishments and are inspired by life-long acquisition. ICT have great possible for cognition airing, effectual acquisition and the development of more efficient instruction services. Much attempt has been made towards the promotion of instruction and multi-literacies. However, it is by and large believed t hat ICT can authorise instructors and scholars, doing important parts to larning and accomplishment. Current research on the impacts of ICT on pupil accomplishment outputs few conclusive statements, pro or con, about the usage of ICTs in instruction. Surveies have shown that even in the most advanced schools in industrialised states, ICT are by and large non considered cardinal to the instruction and acquisition procedure. Furthermore, there appears to be a mismatch between methods used to mensurate effects and the type of larning promoted. You read "The Information And Communication Revolution Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Standardized testing, for illustration, tends to mensurate the consequences of traditional instruction patterns, instead than new cognition and accomplishments related to the usage of ICT. It is clear that more research needs to be conducted to understand the complex links between ICT, acquisition, and accomplishment. Many of the issues and challenges associated with ICT in instruction enterprises are known by policy shapers, donor staff, and pedagogues. However, informations on the nature and complexness of these issues remains limited because of the deficiency of good monitoring and rating tools and procedures. Where rating informations is available much of the work is seen to endure from of import prejudices. Another job in this country is the deficiency of a common set of indexs for ICT in instruction. And, where information has been collected, it is frequently quantitative informations related to substructure, for illustration, figure of computing machines, instead than informations that can assist policy shapers gauge the impact of ICT intercessions on pupil acquisition. If ICT are to go effectual and built-in tools in instruction, and if answerability is to be demonstrated to givers and stakeholders, monitoring and rating must be a priority country of focal point. It is clear that there are equity issues related to the utilizations of ICT in instruction. There is a existent danger that uses of ICT can farther marginalise groups already excluded or on the border of educational patterns and inventions. On the other manus, with supportive policies and careful planning and monitoring, ICTs hold out the promise of easing greater inclusion of such groups. While there is much research on the impact of ICTs and marginalized groups in industrialised states, there has been limited research into these issues in developing states. There seems to be small inquiring, nevertheless, that ICTs by and large give penchant to schools and scholars in urban countries and in countries where bing substructure is the best. Research related to equity and ICT to day of the month has focused chiefly on entree to peculiar engineerings. Much less attending has been given to how specific types and utilizations of ICTs are related to equity issues. Besides than that, about the true costs of ICT in instruction, there have been few strict costs surveies, peculiarly in developing states. Given current budgetary and resource restraints, a widespread investing in ICT in instruction is likely non possible in most underdeveloped states. It is, hence, critically of import to better understand the costs and benefits associated with ICT types and utilizations in assorted educational state of affairss in order to efficaciously aim scarce resources. There is some grounds, for case, that computing machines may be most cost-efficient when placed in common countries such as libraries and teacher-training institutes. One of the most cost effectual utilizations of ICT in instruction may be their function in bettering organisational and systemic efficiencies, including battling corruptness. Distance instruction is frequently cited as a cost economy investing. Indeed, economic sciences of graduated table are accomplishable in distance instruction , although such plans typically require big up-front investings. Some of these costs may be shifted from the populace sector to the single users, but this in itself raises important equity and entree issues. Again, a thorough scrutiny of the true costs and benefits of distance instruction is required. Financing mechanisms for ICT in instruction enterprises are rather varied. Due to the high up-front costs and big recurrent costs, states and communities typically employ a great assortment of funding and cost recovery mechanisms. Public private partnerships and user fees are of import constituents of funding ICTs in instruction in many states, although more research is needed to find the impact and effectivity of these mechanisms. Even the usage of ICT in the schoolroom or in distance instruction does non decrease the function of the instructor ; neither does it automatically change learning patterns. Experience has shown that a assortment of support and enabling mechanisms must be implemented to optimise instructor usage of ICT. While traditional instructor leading accomplishments and patterns are still of import, instructors must besides hold entree to relevant, seasonably, and ongoing professional development. They must hold the clip and resources to research this new cognition base and develop new accomplishments. Support of school decision makers and, in some instances, the community, is critical if ICTs are to be used efficaciously. In add-on, instructors must hold equal entree to working computing machines or other engineerings and sufficient proficient support. Accessing information is the chief usage of ICTs in instruction. While ICT, and the Internet in peculiar, supply entree to a universe of educat ional resources, those resources are seldom in a format that makes them easy accessible and relevant to most instructors and scholars in developing states. Simply importing educational content through ICT is fraught with troubles, every bit good as inquiries of relevancy to local demands. Experience shows that unless electronic educational resources are straight related to the course of study, and to the appraisal methods used to measure educational results, ICT intercessions may non hold positive educational impacts. Furthermore, ICT can be of import drivers for educational reform. They can assist in anti-corruption attempts, assistance in decentalisation, and play a cardinal function in informations aggregation and analysis. Still, there are many policy inquiries around the usage of ICTs in instruction, non the least of which revolves around which portion of the authorities is responsible for such policies. Some of the cardinal policy inquiries revolve around entree, equity, finance, and best patterns in scaling-up. As a comparatively new field, there is no standard depository for bing ICTs in education-related national policies. And, it is clear that successful policy preparation requires audience with a diverse group of stakeholders, many of which may be outside of the traditional educational system. Inventions in engineering and new merchandises are introduced in the planetary market place at a much faster gait than most educational systems are able to utilize them efficaciously. This issue o f timing is an of import one as pedagogues and policymakers operate with an oculus to longer term educational ends. The advantages and disadvantages of ICT in instruction include a scope of elements such as – †¢ Giving to teacher opportunity to be after short, timed, tightly focussed activities. †¢ Planning activities across a figure of Sessionss to let sufficient clip for all students to take parts. †¢ Up to day of the month and existent universe engineering†¦ prepares the kids for the modern universe! †¢ Helps pupils research subjects they are analyzing utilizing a broad scope of beginnings other than merely book from their school library, †¢ Aids the students to acquire an penetration into engineerings that they may subsequently trust on in future life. †¢ Using word paperss it gives the students a opportunity to show their work in a manner that suits them. †¢ Word and printing paperss available for show work intents. There is besides a high advantage of ICT equipment helping students with larning troubles. By snaping on the word instance study the undermentioned nexus will take you to a instance survey on podcasts and the advantages of working with kids that have larning troubles and besides shown on the secondary instruction page. The undermentioned disadvantages give a list of aims that staff and facilitators may be required to cover with should jobs happen throughout utilizing the ICT equipment. †¢ Cost †¢ Training †¢ Distractions †¢ Reliability †¢ Damage †¢ Safety †¢ Choping †¢ Resources ( or deficiency of ) As you can see I have already listed disadvantages of ICT in instruction and all seem dearly-won. The initial equipment even though would be an investing and acquisition assistance is expensive. After the initial cost there is the fact of developing the staff/ facilitators to utilize the equipment right as bad use can do wrong learning to students. Besides coming under cost is damage, as, if the equipment gets amendss so the harm fix fees are required to acquire the equipment back up and running. Distractions such as the cyberspace, computing machine games and electronic mail are besides a large disadvantage. Then we come onto safety and hacking that is discussed on the safety page. Decision In decisions, the modern coevals schoolchildren are turning up in an environment where information and communicating engineerings are embracing about all country of their lives. It is the duty of authorities to fix pupils with the accomplishments and cognition they will necessitate to take control of their digital hereafters. Therefore, it is of topmost importance for instructors to incorporate ICT into the course of study. This essay will discourse the great benefits ICT have on kid acquisition and besides explore the current way in which instructors can incorporate ICTs into the schoolroom. Using ICTs in instruction develops the needful skills a kid needs to utilize computing machines and other engineerings. However, ICT provide a instruction scheme that engages the scholar. ICT can make an exciting manner to show information to pupils and due to the fact that ICTs engages the scholar it allows the pupil to larn more. Another great positive of utilizing ICTs in primary schooling is that it addresses the fact that each pupil has different larning abilities. ICT allows pupils to stand out in their country of A‘intelligence, for illustration a kid who has spacial intelligence but has trouble in written look can demo their acquisition procedure through sound and images. The usage of ICT is besides good to a kid ‘s acquisition because it covers the four cardinal learning countries which are active battle, group, interaction and connexion with the existent universe. As I mentioned earlier ICTs prosecute the scholar, nevertheless, they can besides affect extended g roup work and interaction with both pupils and ICT equipment. ICTs play a cardinal usage in society ; hence, they give kids a existent universe connexion. This besides gives pupils aim in scholar because they are utilizing engineerings that they will necessitate to. How to cite The Information And Communication Revolution Education Essay, Essay examples

Teaching and Learning in 21st Century and Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Teaching and Learning in 21st Century and Techniques. Answer: Introduction The teaching and learning has changes significantly in the 21st century as the society and the context of education has changed. This change was necessary as the previous teaching and learning processes were inadequate for preparing the students for their future life as valuable members of society that requires them to possess the ability to function competently in the changing scene of the society(Scherer, 2010). Therefore, the need for new teaching and learning process birthed the new techniques that were necessary for the education system to function properly. The main change in the process is that previously the teaching was about contemporary knowledge and past knowledge of the basic principles of the world and the society but the new process concentrates on the building an understanding of the learning process that helps them cope with constant change in the social norms that dictate the action s of individuals. The teaching and learning concentrates on the question how to lear n? so the students are aware of changes in the society and can adjust their learning to suit their new needs. Any change that comes to society or their professional life they are able to learn new things to cope with them in the new process. 21st century learning The availability of information is high in the world in the 21st century so the memorization of certain information or fact is not necessary in the current education system.Therefore, the process of learning and the understanding of the process are much more important in thenew model of education. The role of the teacher has also changed in the same context, as the teachers were providers of information and experience who taught the students with information he himself learned or experienced firsthand(Robertson Smith, 1999). However, with the advent of the new century the focus of the study changed the students were encouraged to think for themselves and to experience the situations that might be faced by them in future in a theoretical context. Therefore, the students of the 21st century are taught on how to gather information, disseminate and analyse them. The focus is given on the ability of the student to think critically and find the points that were overlooked. It is quite com mon for the students to face new situations and experiences in their adult professional or personal life.The new learning and teaching prepares them for the situation by making sure that they are able to think for themselves and generate a solution to their problem(Rhoton Shane, 2006). The previous education system that focused on the experiences of others, as examples to create solutions would not have been useful in the case where new problem might not be similar to any faced before. Thedecision-making based on the facts is the possible need of the population. The point of education is to make sure that the educated are able to function in the society properly so the education system in the 21st century is focused on the self-learning from own experience(MarzanoHeflebower, 2012). The changing dynamics of the society is generating so many problems that without the ability to learn continuously, a person cannot function properly. Key factors driving change The change in the learning and teaching process is driven by the needs of the people in a constantly evolving society so the different factors that are forcing the education system to evolve are the main reasons of the changes in the society also. The three key factors are given below. Globalization Globalization is one of the main reasons of the changes in the education system. For this reason the members and future members of society will be unable to cope with the different culture, customs and standards of education in future unless the education system changes(Lent, 2012). Therefore, to prepare them for the scenario where the standard basic knowledge on how the world functions are given to the students in the new education system. It is impossible to teach a student to make decisions in an unfamiliar situation with unfamiliar standards based on theoretical examples alone. The ability to judge the situation and the best course of action, is necessary to be implemented in the education system ("Learning and teaching", 2005).Globalization has brought severe change in the society that made the change in the teaching and learning necessary. The different values of the different cultures round the world are unique and different so the education needed to suited to the global scen e and not only the own local culture and values. The change in the teaching and learning is based on the adaptability of the student and their need to adapt to the best of the global standards and assimilate the values that are suited for their particular culture(Herteis, 2010). To be able to do that the students needed to have their critical thinking ability promoted. The critical thinking was included in the 21st century teaching process to ensure that the students could function in unfamiliar situations based on their learning capabilities that are stimulated by the new system. Social change The social change is another reason for the development of the new teaching and learning. The society has changed significantly in the past century as the social position has become more fluid and skill in a particular craft gained more value than the social standing of the person. Therefore, the promotion of skill in the education system has become a priority in the new system. This has become the norm because of the availability of the knowledge is higher in the current world and the knowledge of various skills and crafts are available for everyone whereas the knowledge in the previous system was jealously guarded and only passed on through apprenticeship(HawisherSelfe, 1999). The availability of the knowledge has made the teaching profession a valid profession that can economically support a person. The availability of the knowledge also made the process more common and in many cases, the basic knowledge that is needed for a person to perform in the society is mandatory. The basic knowledge is made available for all because it is unclear who has the necessary skill for which profession(Hagger McIntyre, 2006). It cannot be decided what specific knowledge a person might need in future so the education system needed to be more general which can be applied to any discipline in any culture. The social standard for education is changing as the literacy is being increasingly needed in our day to day operations.The people working manually require at least some basic education to understand their instructions and processes. Therefore, the learning is not being limited to few as it was and the social standards dictate that all have some basic knowledge and change in the society has become another driver behind the change in teaching and learning. Technology The advent of modern technology in all parts of the society and all professions also made the change in the teaching and learning necessary. In todays world the technology is used in all of the professions in all scenarios so the computer literacy has become a normal demand for one to function properly function in the world(Griffin, McGaw, Care, 2012).The different technology is also important in as it makes many new techniques of making the knowledge available to many people possible. The use of visual images and videos to illustrate is another example of the use of technology that is changing the field of education in the modern world. The same can be said for the internet where information on almost any topic can be found. Therefore, the learning process differed from the previous ones by the use of the different information sources. The technology made is unnecessary to impart information, as it is readily available. The process of teaching mainly focuses on how to learn by usin g the different sources. The knowledge of using the information is the focus of the new learning process of 21st century(Graves, Juel, Graves, 2001). The use of information sources is taught along with how to assimilate the necessary information and to critically review the information. The technology has made video conferencing and other communication methods easy so the learning is not always face to face and instruction can be given over any communication to the learner so the physical boundary of the teaching process has grown. Change in curriculum and pedagogy The curriculum and the pedagogy have changed significantly over the years and the new progressive education style has changed in the modern times to ensure that the teaching and learning is suitable for the current times(Fry, Ketteridge, Marshall, 2003). Previously schooling was thought to be the preparation stage for life but the new thinking promotes that the schooling is a part of life that teaches us about how we live our lives. The role of the teachers was previously known as the providers of information where the students were passive absorbers of knowledge that was to be used by them later in their life. However, in the 21st century the information is available for all so the role of teachers has become similar to facilitators where they teach the student how to use the information. The teachers promote the thinking ability of the students but the work is done by the students so the students in the new process is that of active participants (Eakin, 2015). The previous school of thought excluded the parents and the community from the teaching process but the new system included them as an extension of classroom as the people learn a lot about life from parents and the communities. The use of the test results to determine the capability of the student was the old method but the new one focus on the mission and goal of the students and their effort and approach is given more value than the result. The skills that are to be achieved by the students are judged as goals but the modern thinking marks the skills as a related tool for achieving a goal(Denemark, 2011). The success of a student in the old method is based on the correct answer that mostly determines the accumulation and recall of information. In the 21st century pedagogy the application of the skills are given preference when applied in a practical setting. The old curriculum is based on the capability of the student and their skill in one topic but the new curriculum gives more value to the proces s where the application of knowledge solves a real life problem. Therefore, the basic difference in the two systems is in the objectivity and purpose that are more suited to real life in the new method. Importance of the change in education The previous approach to education is based on the time where knowledge was not readily available but that is not the case in the current century(Bybee, 2010). The students obtained information from the teachers in previous centuries but they take a more active role in the current education system. Currently knowledge is available in many forms but the use of the knowledge has to be taught by the education system. The job of the teachers is to facilitate the learning of the students so that in future they can assimilate the information and use it in practical setting(Burgan, 1996). Therefore, the change in the education system is preceded by the change in the life of the people that made the change in the education necessary. The change focuses on the practical use of the knowledge rather than the collection of information so the practice of learning is made more interesting and more effectual in the new method. Conclusion It is clear from the essay that the teaching and learning has made significant impact on the society by its change of approach. The change was facilitated by different factors that made the ineffectiveness and the shortcomings of the previous methods apparent. The new method is more suited to the current situation in the world and better suited to prepare the next generation for the changes that have come and might come in the future(Biggs Tang, 2011).The change made the activity of learning a part of life. This makes the student understand that the use of knowledge and practical implementation is not separated from the theoretical aspect like in the previous teaching method implied. References Biggs, J. Tang, C. (2011).Teaching for quality learning at university. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill/Society for Research into Higher Education/Open University Press. Burgan, M. (1996). Teaching thesubject: Developmental identities in teaching.New Directions For Teaching And Learning,1996(66), 15-23. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tl.37219966605 Bybee, R. (2010).The teaching of science. Arlington, Va.: National Science Teachers Association. Denemark, R. (2011). Teaching and Learning about Teaching and Learning.International Studies Review,13(3), 543-545. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2011.01061.x Eakin, M. (2015). Teaching the Art and Craft of Teaching History.The National Teaching Learning Forum,25(1), 1-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ntlf.30047 Fry, H., Ketteridge, S., Marshall, S. (2003).A handbook for teaching learning in higher education. London: Kogan Page. Graves, M., Juel, C., Graves, B. (2001).Teaching reading in the 21st century. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Griffin, P., McGaw, B., Care, E. (2012).Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills. Dordrecht: Springer. Hagger, H. McIntyre, D. (2006).Learning teaching from teachers. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press. Hawisher, G. Selfe, C. (1999).Passions, pedagogies, and 21st century technologies. Urbana, Ill.: National Council of Teachers of English. Herteis, E. (2010). Teaching, Learning and Interning: From Teaching Internships to Scholarly Teaching.The Canadian Journal For The Scholarship Of Teaching And Learning, 1-13. https://dx.doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2010.2.5 Learning and teaching. (2005).Health Information Libraries Journal,22(2), 156-159. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2005.00567.x Lent, R. (2012).Overcoming Textbook Fatigue. Alexandria: ASCD. Marzano, R. Heflebower, T. (2012).Teaching assessing 21st century skills. Bloomington, IN: Marzano Research Laboratory. Rhoton, J. Shane, P. (2006).Teaching science in the 21st century. Arlington, Va.: NSTA Press. Robertson, A. Smith, B. (1999).Teaching in the 21st century. New York: Falmer Press. Scherer, M. (2010).Keeping the whole child healthy and safe. Alexandria, Va.: ASCD.

Inclusion and Mainstreaming in Todays Classrooms free essay sample

A study of the success of inclusion of special education students into mainstream classrooms. This paper examines the controversial debate between inclusion and mainstreaming special education students in learning institutions, government institutions and families in todays society. It analyzes the debate from a variety of angles in order to formulate an idea of their effectiveness, because it is to subjective. The paper demonstrates how both inclusion and mainstreaming are designed and looks at recent literature and research to determine the success rate of inclusion and mainstreaming. This paper provides an overview of the concept of inclusion and mainstreaming, as well as provide research into both sides of the debate. It illustrates which method, if either, is best for both our special needs students and society as a whole. `According to Joy Rogers of Phi Delta Kappas Center for Evaluation, Development, and Research (1993), there are two types of inclusion. Regular inclusion refers to the commitment to educate each child, to the maximum extent appropriate, in the school and classroom he or she would otherwise attend. We will write a custom essay sample on Inclusion and Mainstreaming in Todays Classrooms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The concept involves bringing support services to the child, rather than taking the child out of the regular classroom for services (York, et al. 1993). A second form of inclusion is called full inclusion. This concept refers to placing the students, despite any handicapping condition and regardless of the severity, in a regular classroom permanently (Rogers, 1993). All services must be taken to the child in the classroom setting.`

Marketing plan and marketing strategy for the re-launch of a selected product which is currently being sold by DIY retailers in UK. The WritePass Journal

Marketing plan and marketing strategy for the re-launch of a selected product which is currently being sold by DIY retailers in UK. Introduction Marketing plan and marketing strategy for the re-launch of a selected product which is currently being sold by DIY retailers in UK. IntroductionBackground / Current SituationCompany AnalysisCustomer AnalysisMarket / Competitor AnalysisPESTEL AnalysisSWOT AnalysisStrengths: Weakness:Opportunities:Threats:ObjectivesMarketing Objectives:Financial Objectives:Marketing StrategyTarget Market SegmentsRepeat againCompetitive Advantage:Marketing MixProduct:Price:Promotion:Place:Implementation and ControlConclusionsRecommendationsRelated Introduction The purpose of this report is to present a marketing plan and marketing strategy for the re-launch of a selected product which is currently being sold by DIY retailers in UK. The product selected for the re-launch is Passion Radiators that is being sold by Wickes Plc. The marketing plan and strategy is applicable from 1st June 2012 to 1st January 2013. Passion radiators are designer and eco-friendly radiators that are currently being sold in three colours and designs. For presenting the marketing plan, many areas have been discussed such as the company analysis, competition, current market trends, Pestel analysis, swot analysis etc. The key reasons for the re-launch of the product have been discussed. In the current economic downturn, the purchases of new homes have decreased. So people are renovating their current homes where they prefer trendier, designer and efficient products for their households. People are also looking for more ways to bring down their expenses. During the re-l aunch period, two special events are there: Olympic Games and the Christmas. The marketing plan and strategy is proposed in such a way that it can take full advantage of these events. A plan has been given for all the marketing activities to be carried out during the re-launch period. Academic journals, articles, newspapers and books have been referred to present the marketing plan and strategy for Passion Radiators from Wickes. Background / Current Situation Wickes Plc launched Passion radiators in 2005-06. Passion radiators are designer itself from the rest, as it is eco and user friendly. A Passion radiator consumes 80% less water and produces 15% higher output though the same consumption of electricity. This feature can save electricity and the environment at the same time as it consumes less and generates more. The sales of Passion radiators are very limited. Little information is available about the product on the broachers and the company website. Passion radiators have only three products in their range. Other key issue is the price; at present, the company is charging around  £713 GBP for a radiator, which is expensive, compared to the competition. Based on this, the main reasons to be considered for the failure and re launch of the product are: Low Awareness Comparatively High Price Market Trend Economic situation in UK Installation Charges and after sale services were higher. These points are discussed in the later sections of the report. Company Analysis Define company analysis (reference) To meet the financial and marketing objectives and recover the loss due to failure. (see objectives) Specific R D of passion radiator and analysis of competitors.(see product) Wickes Plc is one of the largest DIY companies in UK. It was established in 1972 and is currently owned by Travis Perkins Plc. It has over 200 stores and around 8500 DIY products in UK. The company has a large range of home improvement products. One of the important commitments of the company is to provide more eco friendly products that help improve the environment. Analysing the financial data for the company of 2010-2011, it is evident that the sales grew by 3.1%. But, the significant growth was seen in market share which at present makes the group the largest DIY retailer in UK. Considering the current economical conditions, the company is making good progress by acquiring more market share and increase in sales figures. Following success, company has planned to launch more DIY products that are environment friendly and open more stores in UK. Customer Analysis Define customer analysis.(reference) Labour are expensive and we make this product user-friendly to reduce expenses. Customer satisfaction is our first-priority because the customers are the only element to make the product success or fail How we retain the customers? Currently economic condition of UK is not very good. Following cuts in benefits, customer confidence is decreasing. The real estate market is also struggling. Customers at the moment want to buy cheaper products and want to save money in any way they can. The trend of buying new homes is decreasing these days in UK, and more people prefer to renovate the old ones. This seems a good opportunity for home improvement products. For Wickes Plc, the other important point is that many small retailers are closing due to tough economic times. This was the reason that the company gained market share in 2010-2011 following closures of many small retailers and shops. According to research conducted by AMA, it is evident that the designer radiator market is showing good growth potential. The two important products are the designer radiators and towel warmers. People tend to make their home more design oriented by installing designer radiators to make their house look more beautiful. Consumers prefer innovative designs, odd shapes and more colour options. On the product development side, consumers prefer better thermal performance, efficiency and lower running costs. Adding on, customers look to bring down their utility expenses and purchase more environment preserving products in homes. Market / Competitor Analysis Define and reference Company Competitor High quality-low price Different package with passion Customer can pay its easy instalment without pay any interest. High efficiency that there is no need to jump from single to double glaze windows, which saves the customer extra budget. There are currently many companies in the designer radiator market. The other DIY companies such as BQ, the radiator company and other designer radiator range from Wickes group itself such as Havel, dynasty and others. When comparing the prices, the designer radiators range from around  £250 to  £1500, depending upon the size and style. Price competition has become very fierce as more companies are entering the designer radiator market, which are importing products manufactured in low cost foreign markets. The market of designer radiators has shown an inspiring increase of around 10% to 20% in the recent years. In 2008, the market for designer radiators was nearly  £ 75 million. However, due to economic downturn a decrease of 9% was seen in 2009 reducing the market size to nearly  £ 69 million. But, according to a research conducted by AMA, it was forecasted that the market would grow nearly 16% by 2012 compared to 2009 and the market size would be around  £80 million. The market for designer radiators can be segmented into three main sectors: domestic renovation, domestic new build and commercial installations. The key sector is the domestic renovation as due to current economic downturn it is more likely that people will make improvements in their current homes rather than buying new houses. PESTEL Analysis Political: The current coalition government has many plans to support eco friendly improvements in houses and encourage environment friendly products. The government has launched a benefit scheme under which the householders need to prove that they are using products that saves money on utility bills and thus save environment. Economical: The current economic downturn and government cuts in benefits have decreased customer confidence. The real estate market is struggling and so people are improving their current homes and installations. The opportunity here for Wickes is to gain market share as it did in 2010 following closures of many shops and other retailers. Social: People are looking ways for decreasing money on their expenses. The product Passion Radiators is ideal as it will help save money for its customers on utility bills. During the re-launch period, Christmas and Boxing Day are there. Customer spending during this time is the highest. The company should offer lucrative offers to attract more sales and customers. Technological: In the radiator market, the trend is for installing more decorative and innovative radiators that are energy efficient. The company should increase the range of Passion radiators by introducing more shapes, colours and making them more energy efficient. Environmental: People surely prefer more environmental friendly products for their homes. Passion radiators can satisfy this need of the customers. Passion radiators consume less water and produces more thermal output saving electricity. Legislative: The government is providing exemption from VAT on purchase of eco-friendly radiators where the people can save money. However, the rules are very complicated to claim for exemption. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Passion radiators are eco friendly and thus energy saving. The Wickes group has a large distribution network of around 200 outlets in UK from where the products can be sold to customers. The product has a warranty of 5 years with two years of after sale service. Low electricity/gas consumption. Customer can install by themselves. Passion radiators are a product of Wickes Plc, which is currently the leading DIY Company in UK. This shall increase reliability and provide a good marketing platform for the product. Weakness: Passion radiators have a very low awareness in the market. The price for the product is relatively higher compared to its competition. Fierce competition among the companies for selling designer radiators. Opportunities: The opportunity of this company is market share regarding the re-launch of radiator successfully, result in gaining more market share by grasping more customers. The product can address the current market trend where people prefer more innovative and designer products that are energy efficient. The markets for the designer radiators have good potential to grow of around 16% in 2012. Government benefits and tax exemptions for eco friendly products in homes. In the current economic situation, people are more likely to improve their existing homes. Further, they want to cut their expenses. This product can address people’s need in current situation. Threats: Wickes Plc has other products in the designer range. Re-launching Passion radiators and giving more emphasis to it might reduce sales of its other products and can hamper the company in overall sales. Competition is introducing cheaper products made in low cost foreign markets. Other products are available in market with same features. The leakage of the latest technology used in these radiators. New entrants can be entered after the leakage. Objectives Marketing Objectives: The company should maintain a strong growth during the entire re-launch period of Passion radiators. Wickes should achieve stable market penetration in the designer radiator market. Company must take full advantage of the Christmas and Boxing Day. More market share leads to optimize profit. Customer loyalty and satisfaction. The re-launch period also has the 2012 Olympics (27th June – 12 Aug). It is very likely that the commercial installations of radiators could possibly increase during this period. The company should establish Business-to-Business relations to take advantage of the Olympics. Financial Objectives: Company should manufacture the radiators in low cost foreign regions in order to decrease price of the product. Company should maintain research and development costs in order to improve efficiency, introduce more designs and innovations in the radiator. Wickes should concentrate on acquiring more market share of the designer radiator market. Marketing Strategy Target Market Segments Repeat again At present, the designer radiator market is nearly  £75 million GBP and has good potential to grow in 2012. With current market trend of people more likely to purchase designer and energy efficient radiators, Passion radiators have a good potential. As mentioned earlier in the report, the designer radiator market can be segmented into mainly three categories: domestic renovation (65%), domestic new homes (20%) and commercial installations (15%). After analysis, the company must consider two main categories here i.e. domestic renovation and commercial installations. In the tight economic situation, people will improve their current homes. The Olympic events are in the re-launch period. The commercial installations of radiators will surely increase in hotels and other places. Wickes should surely target the commercial market with Passion radiators. The company should associate the Passion radiators with environmental activities for marketing the product. They should also give a punch line to the product that suites its functionality and features. In the outlets, the product should kept in such a way that it attracts more people visiting the stores. On the website, the product should be highlighted. One of the commitments of Wickes is to introduce more environmental friendly products. By promoting and giving emphasis to Passion radiators, the company can come closer in achieving its commitments given to its customers. Competitive Advantage: There are surely many designer radiators available in the market. But, very few are eco-friendly. Being designer and eco friendly are the most distinctive features of Passion radiators that separate it from the competition. The other important point is that it is a product of the Wickes Plc. People will prefer a product from a more reliable and trusted company such as Wickes. Wickes also has a good loyal customer base. The company is also strong financially so they will be able to invest more in the re-launch of the Passion radiators. Marketing Mix The marketing mix of Passion radiators should be like this in terms of product, price, place and promotion. Product: Increase range of the product. Introduce more shapes, colours and designs. Maintain research and development to improve efficiency of product. The product is user friendly for which customers can install and fit the radiators by themselves easily. Innovative product with meaningful features. Price: Pricing of the different radiator should be finalised after considering the competition. Special discounts on Christmas and Boxing Day. During Olympics, provide more discounts to businesses as they mostly purchase in bulk. Maintaining Low Prices with High Quality is the main target. Promotion: The company must promote the product through TV ads, hoardings, banner Ads and social networks, newspapers and advertising on internet. If the company will able to make the product associated with the Olympic Games, it would be a huge benefit. Passion radiators should be associated to many eco friendly events and charities. Place: Wickes should display the product in all its outlets in the UK. Customers can be able to order the product online and through phone calls. Increase the number of distribution centres for ease access to customers. Free delivery services. Implementation and Control The company should select proper milestones during the re-launch period for it success. The company must also monitor that activities are finished on time and budget. A Gantt chart has been prepared for implementing the marketing activities which is given at the end of report. The company should monitor the actions of the Re-launch plan of the Passion radiators. The following areas should be observed: Revenue: The sales of the product should be checked during the entire period especially during Olympic Games and Christmas time. Expenses: during the entire re launch period i.e. 1st June 2012 to 1st January 2013. The company should strictly monitor that the customers of the product are satisfied as it will be the key to successful re-launch of the product. Constant development and expansion of the product. Conclusions Passion radiators at present are very limited to only three types and colours. Being energy efficient and eco friendly will surely help the company to re launch the product. In the present market t rend, people prefer designer and energy efficient radiators. In tough economic conditions, people look ways to cut down expenses. Passion radiators can meet all these requirements of the market trend in UK. The Olympic games and Christmas both fall in the re-launch period. During Olympic games, the commercial renovations of radiators is surely to increase. During Christmas and Boxing Day customer spending is the highest in the year. The company Wickes, should not miss the opportunity and grab the maximum advantage they can from both these events. There is immense competition in the designer radiator market but very few have eco friendly radiators. This gives Passion radiators the extra edge over the competition. Being a product of Wickes DIY will certainly add more to it. The government is also providing benefits to environment friendly households and giving VAT exemptions. The market trend, government support, edge over competition, Olympic games and Christmas; all these aspects will surely make the re-launch of the Passion radiators successful. Recommendations The weak points of Passion radiators are high price compared to competition and less varieties in the product range. Wickes should consider manufacturing in the product in low cost foreign regions so they can bring down the price of the radiators. Company should continue research and development throughout the re-launch period in order to bring more innovations in the product and add more products in the range. The company should also improve the efficiency and make the product more environmental friendly. Wickes should establish good relations with businesses as they will go for renovations during the Olympic games. The company should provide flexible and discount prices as businesses generally purchase in bulk. Sales target should be set and met during the Olympics and Christmas period. Wickes should associate Passion radiators with other environment preserving events and programs for promoting the product. By attaching the company name and the product to environmental programs wil l increase goodwill among the consumers and the company can also satisfy its commitment of preserving environment. The product should be highlighted in all its outlets and website. Customers should be able to purchase the radiators online and via phone calls. The company should also assist through proper instructions and help line if customers face any problems in installing the radiators. Good customer service is always important for the success of any product. It is important for the success of re launch that the marketing activities and milestones occur on time and on budget. Wickes should steadily follow the marketing plan and strategy for the accomplishment of the re-launch of Passion radiators.

Nursing theory Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing theory - Annotated Bibliography Example During her times, nursing was merely for the impecunious and hopeless women of society. Florence Nightingale challenged this stigma when she defied the expectations and entered nursing. She did humanitarian acts and responded to greater causes by exceeding her limitations. One example of this is the image of her making rounds at night while carrying her lamp, to which she has been always portrayed. The article also puts emphasis on the timeless relevance of Nightingale’s works. Her works, at first glance, may seem like inapplicable at present times. But if analyzed in an elaborative manner, Nightingale’s notes, theories and works can still befittingly applied. The paper also pointed out that today’s nurses need not to force themselves into becoming strictly akin to what Nightingale did. What is more important is for modern-day nurses to be able to apply Nightingale’s vision and mission by contributing to their own practice in their own unique and personal

Smoking Among the Youth in Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Smoking Among the Youth in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example From the most prominent causes of smoking, it was revealed in the paper written by Mandil, BinSaeed, et al. that peer pressure or the apparent need to be perceived as doing what friends are doing, and the strong impact of family members seen to be smoking are most influential. Likewise, other causes of smoking include the lack of governmental restrictions that preclude the youths from easily purchasing cigarettes regardless of age and the apparently low prices of cigarettes (Siddiqui, Ogbeide, and Khalifa). In the article written by Bassiony, the author disclosed the motivating factors and reasons for smoking, as follows: â€Å"desire (32%), idleness (28%), imitation (22%), and enjoyment (20%) are among the motives to smoke. If the problem goes unresolved, more youths and adults would be addicted to smoking due to its nicotine content and would find it challenging to get out of the habit. There are other repercussions that include increased risks to contract health hazards such as h igh blood pressure, higher tendencies for heart attacks, contracting cancer of various organs in the body, especially the lungs, throat, voice box, pancreas, and kidneys. Likewise, health hazards for females were reported to include fertility problems and cancer of the cervix. More importantly, cigarette smoking, if left unabated, is forecasted to result, within the next 20 to 30 years, to â€Å"10 million deaths annually on a worldwide basis, of which 70% will occur in developing countries† (Siddiqui, Ogbeide and Khalifa 367).

The Revised Blooms Taxonomy Tool

The Revised Blooms Taxonomy Tool For the twenty first century the requirements of kinds of learning is different than previous century. There is a need for all students, not just a select few, to develop their abilities to think, solve problems and become independent learners (Bruer, 1993; CTGV, 1997; Resnick Resnick, 1991). Course objectives or Curriculum consists of the knowledge and skills in subject matter areas that teachers teach and students are supposed to learn (Pallegrino, 2002). Course objectives describe what learners will be able to do after a particular learning experience. Articulated course objectives make students and educators aware of the learning expectations and teaching goals, respectively. For any course, learning objectives should not only list the topics that students will learn, but also the expected cognitive levels for each of the topics. Through instruction teachers apply different methods of teaching and the learning activities to help students master the content and objectives specified by curriculum. By applying summative and formative assessments teachers and learners both able to measure the outcomes of education and the achievement with regard to important competencies. The course objectives, the learning activities and the assessments used to measure the achievement of the intended learning outcomes are intricately related and connected to each other (Cohen, 1987; Wiggins, 1993). An assessment should measure what students are actually being taught and the cognitive level that is being intended to teach in course objectives. If any of the functions is not well synchronized, it will be misleading, or instruction will be ineffective (Pallegrino, 2002). Lack of alignment between course objectives and assessments is a major reason that students adopt a surface approach to learning rather than developing higher order cognitive skills. In an aligned system of instruction teachers needed to identify the appropriate verbs in the objectives and to embed those in the assessment tasks so that judgments can be made about how well a given students level of performance meets the objectives. As the teaching methods and the assessment tasks are accessed the same verbs as are in the objectives, the chances are increased that most students will engage with the appropriate learning activities (Biggs, 1999). There are several methods used to align course objectives and assessments based on the cognitive level. Benjamin S. Bloom was one of the first educators to realize the universality of a finite number of verbs across a variety of subject matters. He has built a framework for categorizing educational objectives in 1956 with the expectation to help to all teachers, administrators, professional specialists, and research worker to deal curricular and evaluation problems, which is widely known as Blooms taxonomy. The cognitive domain (Bloom, 1956) involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. This includes the recall or recognition of specific facts, procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in the development of intellectual abilities and skills. There are six major categories (Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation) starting from the simplest to the most complex cognition (Bloom, 1956). The categories can be thought of as degrees of difficulties. That is, the first one must be mastered before the next one can take place. Some course objectives might address some verbs (identify, enumerate, describe, list, combine etc.) to develop lower levels of cognition that learners will learn a major ideas or procedure of a subject matter but ignores those verbs (justify, theorize, hy pothesize, reflect etc.) that helps learner to achieve the skills so that they can apply these to solve different problems in relevant domains. Course objectives would refer to at least relational levels of understanding, where learners are not only expected to know facts and information, but also to structure them in forms that by the end of professional training they should be able apply into unseen problems and domains. Blooms Taxonomy Tool has been successfully used in multiple studies to evaluate the cognitive levels of course objectives and of assessments. However, these studies are focused on courses for general stream students and no such evaluation is currently available for students with learning disabilities. The purpose of the current paper is to use the Revised Blooms Taxonomy (Anderson Krathwohl, 2001) Tool to study the alignment between the objective and assessment for courses attended by the students with learning disabilities in High School settings. Students with learning disabilities do not have a hearing or visual impairment, a physical disability, or below average intelligence. However, they demonstrate difficulties in the receptive language (listening, reading), language processing (thinking, conceptualizing, integrating), and expressive language (talking, spelling, writing), mathematical computations, self-esteem and social skills, sequencing, time management etc. By applying Revised Blooms Taxonomy (RBT) on course objectives and assessment the level of cognition can be determined by identifying the verbs and level of knowledge can be determined by identifying nouns used in their objectives and assessments. Verb defines the category and sub-category of the cognitive domain th at students have reached and the noun describes the category of knowledge (factual, conceptual, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge) they are being assessed. The overall goal of the project is to better understand the effects of the alignment between the cognitive levels of the course (English, math, and science) objectives designed for the students with learning disabilities at high school level and the assessment questions used to evaluate their performance. The objective of this study is firstly, to apply the Revised Blooms Taxonomy Tools to evaluate the alignment between the stated course objectives and the questions asked for assessment for different competencies of each course, that is the level of each course objectives that have being taught; and the level of cognitive complexity of assessment task that have being used, and secondly, to analyze students grade to investigate the association of Blooms level of an assessment question on their performance, that is the possible positive or negative correlation between level of assessment task to the level of performance will be analyzed and thirdly, to analyze students grade to investigate the impact of variation in assessment objective with course objective at a different Blooms level on students performance. This study may generate data indicative of perfect alignments or possible misalignments between the learning objectives and the assessment procedure in a course designed for the students with learning disabilities. This information will either confirm the existing strength in the design of a course to the teachers or the curriculum coordinators and provide support for sound strategies or on the contrary this information will aware about the possible alignment weaknesses in the design of a course to the teachers or the curriculum coordinators and facilitate the implementation of corrective measures towards the improvement and enrichment the course. Findings from this study will be useful to inform the teacher education programs to make teachers aware of the importance of maintaining curriculum coherence for efficient teaching and effective learning. As Lorin W. Anderson (2002) mentioned that proper curriculum alignment enables teachers to understand the differences in the effects of s chooling on student achievement and poorly aligned curriculum results underestimating the effect of instruction on learning. Furthermore, findings from this study might create an urge to producing an instructors guide to the course objectives with specific examples and active learning activities that can be used in class and aligned exam question banks that could be used for effective assessment purpose. Furthermore, researchers could generate suggestions if any modification is needed in relation to better reflect key principles of learning for students with learning disabilities.

A Baby’s Development in the First Nine Months

Child Name: Harlow 1. How does your baby’s eating, sleeping and motor development compare to the typical developmental patterns in the first 9 months? p. 102 – p. 109 a. 5 points for describing VC’s behavior in each of at least two domains and referring to what might be expected at these ages. (10 points) Based on the pediatricians report, Harlow is able to digest new foods well, so the doctor recommends that Harlow eat a variety of foods from the family dinner (ground up). The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians suggest that babies can start solids at around 6 months, although they aren’t needed to until 9 – 12 months† (p. 100). Therefor, my virtual child Harlow is coming along very well with her eating development. Harlow is also keeping up pretty well with her sleeping patterns. She is following the typical guidelines of a 9-month year old with trying to sleep through the whole night and napping duri ng the day. Harlow readily adapted to the new people and situations in the pediatrician's office.She made eye contact, smiled at them, and vocalized to them quite a bit. Harlow has strong emotional reactions and has difficulty soothing her back down. The doctor advises patience in dealing with Harlow's emotions. Harlow's motor skills are typical for age: crawling, sitting up, and standing up, but not walking yet. â€Å" These initial efforts are he forerunners of crawling, in which babies coordinate the motions of their arms and legs and propel themselves forward. Crawling appears to typically between 8-10 months†. So far Harlow’s progress is on point to how her sensory motor skills should be at this age. . At 8 months of age was your child an â€Å"easy†, â€Å"slow to warm up†, or â€Å"difficult† baby in terms of Thomas and Chess’s classic temperamental categories? On what do you base this judgment? p. 145 b. 5 points for explaining the c ategory, and 5 points for a supporting observation on VC’s behavior (10 points) At 8 months Harlow I would say Harlow would be considered and â€Å"Easy Baby†, Thomas and Chess describes this profile as easy babies have a positive disposition. Their body functions operate regularly, and they are adaptable.They are generally positive, showing curiosity about new situations, and their emotions are moderate or low in intensity (p. 140) Harlow definitely fits in this 40% of infants. Harlow is always happy and very curio with toys, people, and reactions. She tends to show moderate easing up to low intensity as well. Set #2: – VC at 19 mos – choose 2 of 3 questions (35 points max) 4. Describe and give examples of changes in your child’s exploratory or problem solving behavior from 8 through 18 months and categorize them according to Piagetian and information processing theories. p. 114 – p. 120 a. points for describing an improvement or a qualitat ively new behavior and 5 points for explaining it using a specific Piagetian or information processing concept to classify the child’s behavior (10 points) At 8 months, my childs substage was Secondary circular reactions. During this period, my child took major strides in shifting their cognitive horizons beyond herself, and begun to act outside the world. For example instead of just picking up a toy, she began using buttons, or using the toy in the correct form and purpose it was created. At 18 months, my child moved on to Beginnings of thoughts stage.This stage Piaget argued is the only stage that infants can imagine where objects that they cannot see might be. My child was able to start plotting things in her head. 6. Is your child delayed or advanced in any area of development according to the 19-month developmental examiner’s report? Based on what you have studied, do you think this is most likely a result of specific biological or environmental factors? 5 point f or describing an area of delay or advancement, 5 points for a hypothesis and 5 points for evidence regarding biological or environmental factors from the lecture or readings (15 points)I feel that my child is advanced according to the 19 month development examiners report. I feel that it has a lot to do with biological factors. As my child grew older she became way more aware of things and more curious. This led her to go through all the 19 stages and succeed to the next stage. First she started using her mouth to touch things, then started using her hands and figuring out exactly what the object was made to do, then figured out where the object may go if it fell or it was set under a blanket, she ad the understanding that the object wasn’t gone, but instead it just was placed under something she couldn’t see. Set #3 – VC at 30 mos – choose 3 of 4 questions (40 points max) 7. Describe your child’s communication and language development in the first 30 months. Is your child developing at a typical or atypical rate? a. 5 points for a general description of his/her language development and 5 points for discussing specific evidence of either normal or atypical development (10 points)In the first 30 months, my child’s communication and language development is very well. Around 2-3 months until the age of one, Harlow was making speech like but meaningless sounds. After five months she her babbling expanded, and by 14 months she was saying her very first words. Around 19 months, Harlow was able to use short sentences. The only thing Harlow lacks in she has a small problem with underextension with words, for instance â€Å"blankie†. These are all very clear clarifications that Harlow is on a good and on track level for her language and communication. . Have there been any environmental events in your child’s first 2 1/2 years that you think might have influenced his or her behavior? On what do you base your hypot heses? a. 5 points for each of two environmental events – be sure to explain how you think they influenced your child (10 points) Two environmental events that that may have influences my childs behavior would be, Me not paying enough attention to Harlow. I think this influenced her in not being able to trust me or others like she should.Now Harlow sees the word as being harsh and unfriendly, this leads her to have difficulties forming close bonds with others. ( trust verus mistrstrust stage). Since I have encouraged Harlow to explore and be free in safe boundries, she has developed great independence ( autonomy versus shame and doubt stage). 10. Analyze your own parenting philosophy and practices. What principles from learning or social learning theory, Bowlby, Ainsworth, Piaget, Vygotsky, information processing theory, neuroscience or other theories do you appear to have relied on in making your parenting hoices or interpreting your child’s behavior? Include three pr inciples and identify one or more theorists who espoused these principles in your answer. a. 5 points for discussing an example from your parenting that fits a concept or principle from each of three theories you select from the list above (15 points) I noticed 3 main theories from the list above that I have used as a parent. 1. ) Ainsworth Strange Situation and Patterns of attachment- I followed and would say has developed Harlow into having an ambivalent attchement pattern.This is a style of attchament in which children display a comnination of positive and negative reactions to their mothers; they show great distress when the mother leaves, but upon the return they may simultaneously seek close contact but also hit a kick her. 2. ) Classical Conditioning – I have found that Harlow stops crying when I pick her up becuae she has learned to associate being picked up with subsequent feeding. Pavlov discovered this theory y, repeatedly pairing two stimuli, such as the sound of a bell and the arrival of meat , he could make hungry dogs learn to respond not only when the meat was presented, but even when the bell was sounded without the meat. (p. 86) 3. ) Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial development- this is a theory that considers how individuals come to understand themselves and the meaning of others- and their own- behavior. My child developed that autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt-stage because around the age 18 months to 3 years, I gave my child freedom to explore, and she developed independence from this.